Operation principle of energy storage battery in solar power supply system

Energy storage batteries in solar powered systems are key components used to store electrical energy generated from solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and release power when needed. The operating principle of the energy storage battery is as follows:

Charging phase: During the day, the solar photovoltaic modules convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. A charge controller monitors the state of the battery to ensure that the battery is being charged at the proper voltage and current. When the battery is fully charged, the charge controller will automatically stop or reduce the charging current to prevent overcharging and damage to the battery.

Storage phase: The energy storage battery stores the electrical energy generated during the charging phase. The energy storage capacity of a battery is expressed in ampere-hours (Ah) or kilowatt-hours (kWh). There are many types of energy storage batteries, such as lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, etc., and the performance and life of each battery are different.

Discharging stage: At night or when there is insufficient sunlight, the solar power supply system needs to obtain power from the energy storage battery to supply the load. The inverter converts the DC power stored in the battery into alternating current (AC) power to power a home or business. When a battery is discharged, the chemical energy in the battery is converted into electrical energy. During discharge, the charge controller monitors the state of the battery to prevent over-discharge and damage to the battery.

Recycling: The energy storage battery in the solar power supply system needs to be charged and discharged cyclically. The life of a battery is related to its number of cycles, degree of deep discharge, and maintenance and usage conditions. In order to prolong battery life, it is recommended to follow the charging and discharging parameters and maintenance procedures recommended by the manufacturer.

In summary, the energy storage battery in a solar powered system acts as a buffer of energy, ensuring a steady supply of electricity when sunlight is low or demand increases. The operating principle of an energy storage battery includes stages of charging, storage, discharging, and recycling.